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There are a few free dlc if you check also, not sure if they're going to always be free or if some are just now. (Also some on sale like up to 90% off, I added just the free ones personally)

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Fact of the Day - WHEELED SUITCASES Did you know... One small step for man took place before astronauts could even roll their suitcases across the spaceport. The first wheeled suitcase was invented in 1970, a year after the moon landing. It was the brainchild of inventor Bernard D. Sadow, who called it one of his best ideas, despite the fact that the product wasn’t immediately popular. Mind you, this wasn’t the upright luggage we know today. “The Luggage That Glides,” as Macy’s marketed the product after buying it, rolled on its side and was pulled with a strap attached to the top. The innovation may not have been very sophisticated, but it nonetheless improved ease and convenience by adding wheels to something that could certainly use them. Sadow applied for a patent in 1970 and received it in 1972. “Whereas formerly, luggage would be handled by porters and be loaded or unloaded at points convenient to the street, the large terminals of today, particularly air terminals, have increased the difficulty of baggage-handling,” the patent stated. “Baggage-handling has become perhaps the biggest single difficulty encountered by an air passenger.” That remains true today, even with the 1987 invention of the vertical Rollaboard, the now-ubiquitous style of vertical wheeled suitcases. No one has walked on the moon in more than 50 years. A dozen people have walked on the moon, but no one has done it in more than half a century. Eugene A. Cernan was the last astronaut on the lunar surface, a feat he achieved as part of the Apollo 17 mission in December 1972. He previously served as the lunar module pilot of Apollo 10. Cernan logged 566 hours and 15 minutes in space throughout his NASA career, 73 hours of which were spent on the surface of the moon. “As I take man’s last step from the surface, back home for some time to come … America’s challenge of today has forged man’s destiny of tomorrow,” he said as he climbed the ladder for the final time. Source: The moon landing happened before wheeled suitcases were invented.

What's the Word: FORFEND pronunciation: [for-FEND] Part of speech: verb Origin: Middle English, 14th century Meaning: 1. Avert, keep away, or prevent (something evil or unpleasant). 2. Protect (something) by precautionary measures. Examples: "The fence should forfend rabbits getting into the garden." "We need to rent a tent to forfend against any showers during the reception." About Forfend You're more likely to hear the second half of this word in modern conversation. One might fend against sunburn by wearing a hat and long-sleeved shirt. "Defend" has come to serve the purpose of "forfend," but the older term, with a connotation of preventative action, still deserves a place in your vocabulary. Did you Know? You might have heard someone exclaim, "Heaven forbid!" to express mock horror, but the original version of this phrase was "Heaven forfend." The intention is quite tongue-in-cheek with dismay at the thought of some ill-advised activity taking place.

Fact of the Day - Brad's Drink? Did you know... Pepsi has been nearly synonymous with cola for more than a century, but it wasn’t always called that. We have pharmacist Caleb Bradham to thank for the bubbly beverage, as well as its original name: Brad's Drink. Believing that his concoction had digestive benefits, Bradham sold it at his pharmacy in New Bern, North Carolina. Brad’s Drink didn’t last long, however — it was renamed Pepsi-Cola in 1898. The new name was partly derived from the word “dyspepsia,” a technical term for indigestion, and was meant to convey the tasty beverage’s supposed medicinal properties. Bradham trademarked the name in 1903, and the company grew exponentially over the next few years, with 240 franchises opening across 24 states by 1910. Pepsi isn’t the only major company to undergo a name change, of course — 7-Eleven used to be known as Tote’m Stores, Nike was founded as Blue Ribbon Sports, and Canon was originally called Precision Optical Instruments Laboratory, among others. Dr. Pepper used to be served warm. Dr. Pepper used to be advertised as a hot holiday drink, a response to declining sales in the winter months. The original ad from the 1960s even came with helpful instructions: Simply warm the beverage in a saucepan until it steams, then pour it over a lemon slice. The result was a “distinctively different hot Dr. Pepper” and “the holiday favorite of the proud crowd,” per the festive commercial. Heating the drink to 180 degrees Fahrenheit eliminated the carbonation, leaving behind a sweet, flat flavor that was especially popular in the South. Source: Pepsi was originally called ‘Brad’s Drink.’

What's the Word: BENEFIC pronunciation: [bə-NEH-fik] Part of speech: adjective Origin: Latin, early 17th century Meaning: 1. Beneficent or kindly. 2. (Astrology) Relating to or denoting the planets Jupiter and Venus, traditionally considered to have a favorable influence. Examples: "Our benefic neighbor is always kind when the children lose their balls in his yard." "I don't usually believe in astrology, but my sister says my horoscope is benefic, and I should expect good things." About Benefic In Latin, the verb phrase "bene facere" means "to do good to." The adjective "benefic" is taken from Latin to describe a kind and good person. We should all try to be a little more benefic to one another. Did you Know? Before science was the law of the land, great power was attributed to the stars and planets. When Jupiter or Venus are aligned in your astrological charts, it's believed there will be a benefic or positive influence. Other planets can have the opposite effect — Mars and Saturn are considered to be malefic planets.

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Fact of the Day - PHILADELPHIA CREAM CHEESE Did you know.... The City of Brotherly Love has clear-cut claims on many food origins — cheesesteaks, stromboli, and even root beer. But ironically, Philadelphia Cream Cheese is not from Philly. The iconic dairy brand secured its misleading name (and gold-standard status) thanks to a marketing ploy that’s been working for more than 150 years … and it’s all because of Pennsylvania’s reputation for impeccable dairy. Small Pennsylvania dairies of the 18th and early 19th centuries were known for using full-fat milk and cream to make rich cheeses — in contrast to New York dairies, which mostly used skim milk — and because the perishables couldn’t be easily transported, they gained a reputation as expensive luxury foods. So when upstate New York entrepreneur William Lawrence began making his skim milk and (for richness) lard-based cream cheese in the 1870s, he needed a name that would entice customers and convey quality despite it being made in Chester, New York, and not Philadelphia. Together with cheese broker and marketing mastermind Alvah Reynolds, Lawrence’s cheese was branded under the Philadelphia name in 1880, which boosted sales and promoted its popularity with home cooks well into the early 1900s. Lawrence is often credited with inventing cream cheese, and culinary lore frequently cites its creation as an accident. But some food historians say he wasn’t the first person to concoct the cheesy spread — recipes for it had been circulating for some time in newspapers and magazines. Lawrence did, however, create the first commercial cream cheese factory, which made the product accessible to home cooks. Lawrence eventually left the dairy industry for politics, becoming the mayor of Chester, but his legacy remains in every foil-wrapped block found in an American fridge. Cream cheese has been wrapped in foil since the 1880s. Besides the whipped or flavored versions that usually come in plastic tubs, most American cream cheese comes in a foil-wrapped block — and it’s almost always been that way. William Lawrence’s first mass-produced cream cheeses were wrapped in thick tissue paper commonly used by cheesemongers. But a few years into production, the rebranded Philadelphia Cream Cheese of the 1880s opted for foil packaging that helped the moldable cheese keep its shape — and more importantly, provided a firm wrapper that was an easier surface on which to print the brand name. Today, Kraft (the current owner of the Philadelphia brand) says the foil helps retain moisture and freshness. Source: Philadelphia Cream Cheese isn’t actually from Philadelphia.

What's the Word: MISCELLANY pronunciation: [MIH-sə-leh-nee] Part of speech: noun Origin: Latin, late 16th century Meaning: 1. A group or collection of different items; a mixture. 2. A book containing a collection of pieces of writing by different authors. Examples: "There's just a bunch of miscellany in the attic — nothing valuable." "My poem will be published in an upcoming volume of miscellany." About Miscellany From Latin, "miscellanea" is the plural noun for miscellaneous items. French borrowed it for "miscellanées," and English uses "miscellany" as a charming description for a collection of items that don't deserve to be called junk. Did you Know? As a publishing term, "miscellany" describes a volume that collects work from different authors or sources. It could even be a novelty book gathering trivia or bits of memorabilia. Miscellaneous writing and knowledge can be gathered in a miscellany.

On November 11th, I saw Predator: Badlands. I thought it was interesting. I slept through most of The Fog, though. Nothing against the movie, aside from it being old, but in truth, I must've been completely wiped out for some reason that night.

Fact of the Day - PUMPKIN PIE Did you know.... America’s pumpkin spice obsession dates back to at least the 1500s. No Thanksgiving dessert spread is complete without pumpkin pie. But how did this tasty treat come to be such an integral part of the annual feast? Let’s dig in. The Origins of Pumpkin Pie While it’s possible—even probable—that pumpkins were served at the 1621 harvest festival that’s now considered the predecessor to Thanksgiving, attendees definitely didn’t dine on pumpkin pie (there was no butter or wheat flour to make crust). The earliest known recipes for pumpkin pie actually come from 17th-century Europe. Pumpkins, like potatoes and tomatoes, were first introduced to Europe in the Columbian Exchange, but Europeans were more comfortable cooking with pumpkins because they were similar to their native gourds. By the 18th century, however, Europeans on the whole lost interest in pumpkin pie. According to HowStuffWorks, Europeans began to prefer apple, pear, and quince pies, which they perceived as more sophisticated. But at the same time pumpkin pie was losing favor in Europe, it was gaining true staple status in America. In 1796, Amelia Simmons published American Cookery, the first cookbook written and published in the American colonies. Simmons included two recipes for pumpkin pudding cooked in pastry crust. Simmons’s recipes call for “stewed and strained” pumpkin, combined with a mixture of nutmeg, allspice, and ginger (yes, it seems our pumpkin spice obsession dates back to at least the 1500s). How Pumpkin Pie Became a Classic Thanksgiving Dessert But how did pumpkin pie become so irrevocably tied to the Thanksgiving holiday? That has everything to do with Sarah Josepha Hale, a New Hampshire-born writer and editor who is often called the “Godmother of Thanksgiving.” In her 1827 abolitionist novel Northwood, Hale described a Thanksgiving meal complete with “fried chicken floating in gravy,” broiled ham, wheat bread, cranberry sauce, and, of course, pumpkin pie. For more than 30 years, Hale advocated for Thanksgiving to become a national holiday, writing regular editorials and sending letters to five American presidents. Thanksgiving was a symbol for unity in an increasingly divided country, she argued [PDF]. Abraham Lincoln eventually declared Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863 (to near-immediate outcry from Southerners, who viewed the holiday as an attempt to enforce Yankee values). Southern governors reluctantly complied with the presidential proclamation, but cooks in the South developed their own unique regional traditions. In the South, sweet potato pie quickly became more popular than New England’s pumpkin pie (mostly because sweet potatoes were easier to come by than pumpkins). Now, pumpkin pie reigns deliciously supreme as the most popular holiday pie across most of the United States, although there are those in Northeast who may prefer apple, and the South is often split between apple and pecan, another Southern staple. Source: Why Do We Eat Pumpkin Pie on Thanksgiving?

What's the Word: HARDSCAPE pronunciation: [HARD-skayp] Part of speech: noun Origin: American English Meaning: 1. The human-made features used in landscape architecture, e.g., paths or walls, as contrasted with vegetation. Examples: "I would like some hardscape, but my husband wants only greenery in the yard." "The garden will feature a fountain and some additional hardscape." About Hardscape Hardscape is the name for the human-made elements you'll find in landscaping, such as paved paths, statues, or a gazebo. Your landscape architect will consider the hardscape just as much as the natural environment. Did you Know? Xeriscape is a type of landscaping that requires little to no water. It features rocks and drought-resistant plants to make a beautiful landscape in a dry climate, possibly with some hardscape as well.

Fact oof the Day - POMATOES Did you know... Tomatoes: so easy a potato can grow them. Well, not quite, but the two do occasionally join forces and result in the aptly named “pomato” plant. That two-for-the-price-of-one hybrid occurs when a tomato plant is grafted onto a potato plant, which is relatively easy to do since both belong to the Solanum genus of the nightshade family. The pomato isn’t its own fruit, however — it’s a plant that grows both foods at the same time: tomatoes on the vine and potatoes under the soil. Peppers, eggplants, and tobacco are also members of the Solanum genus, and tomato plants can be grafted onto them as well. Nicknamed the “ketchup ’n’ fries” plant and sometimes called “tomtatoes,” these plants have been grown since at least 1833. In addition to the novelty of growing two things at once, pomatoes can benefit from both plants’ natural advantages: potatoes’ cold resistance and tomatoes’ heat resistance. The potatoes and tomatoes grown from these hybrid plants don’t taste any different than their normal counterparts, but they are more convenient to grow. Heinz ketchup has a speed limit. As the brand practically synonymous with ketchup, Heinz has a reputation to uphold. A big part of that image is the consistency and viscosity of its flagship product, which is meant to be thick enough to pour onto your fries at a diner by turning the bottle upside down but not so smooth that the ketchup splatters everywhere. As part of its quality control process, the company has even imposed a speed limit on the condiment of 0.028 mph, which is checked at its factories. That’s the exact speed at which Heinz ketchup should move when poured upside down from its bottles. This speed limit even inspired a promotional campaign in collaboration with Waze, in which anyone forced to go 0.028 mph while stuck in traffic could get a free bottle of ketchup. Source: ‘Pomatoes’ are potato plants that can also grow tomatoes.

What's the Word: BERGAMOT pronunciation: [BER-gə-mot] Part of speech: noun Origin: Italian, late 17th century Meaning: 1. An oily substance extracted from the rind of the fruit of a dwarf variety of the Seville orange tree. It is used in cosmetics and as flavoring in tea. 2. (Also bergamot orange) The tree which bears a variety of Seville orange from which bergamot is extracted. Examples: "The house tea blend has strong notes of bergamot." "Your grandmother's farm used to have a grove of bergamot orange trees." About Bergamot In Northern Italy, there's a city and province called Bergamo. But there's also a Turkish word, "begarmudu,” that means "prince's pear." "Bergamot" is likely a mix of these origins. Did you Know? A Seville orange tree produces the fruit from which the citrusy bergamot oil is extracted for Earl Grey tea and fragrances. The herb bergamot is a different plant, but it has a similar citrus aroma. It's a member of the mint family, and the plants are known to attract pollinators, including bees, hummingbirds, and butterflies. The plant is sometimes called bee balm or lemon bergamot.

Fact of the Day - PICASSO? A THIEF? Did you know.... When the “Mona Lisa” was stolen from the Louvre on August 21, 1911, the art world immediately went into mourning — and began wondering who was behind the dastardly deed. One man soon under suspicion was none other than Pablo Picasso, whose name was given to the authorities by Honore-Joseph Géry Pieret, the former secretary of Picasso’s friend (and famed poet) Guillaume Apollinaire. Pieret had previously stolen at least two Bronze Age Iberian sculptures from the Louvre and sold them to the then-up-and-coming cubist artist, who used them as inspiration for his painting “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon.” (At the time, the Louvre security was rather lacking; the paintings weren’t even bolted to the walls.) A terrified Picasso and Apollinaire were eventually brought to court, where it was determined that Picasso was indeed in possession of stolen art — just not the “Mona Lisa.” (The Iberian statues were quickly returned, and the judge let both Picasso and Apollinaire off with a warning.) The search for the mysterious “Mona Lisa” took two years, during which time its popularity grew exponentially as reproductions were splashed across newspapers worldwide. In December 1913, Vincenzo Peruggia — an Italian employee of a firm that cut glass for the Louvre — emerged as the real thief after he tried to sell the painting to an antique dealer in Florence. (Peruggia is said to have believed that the “Mona Lisa” rightfully belonged to Italy and expected a reward for “returning” it.) Fortunately, the antiques dealer called the police. Peruggia later served eight months in prison for his crime. Napoleon once hung the “Mona Lisa” in his bedroom. When the portrait (painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1503–1519) was first displayed at the Louvre in 1815, it didn’t take long for admirers to become smitten by it — and her. Shortly thereafter, a number of “suitors bearing flowers, poems, and impassioned notes climbed the grand staircase of the Louvre to gaze into her ‘limpid and burning eyes,’” according to Dianne Hales, author of Mona Lisa: A Life Discovered. It wasn’t just museumgoers who developed a fancy for the painting, though: Napoleon once hung it in his bedroom and referred to its subject as “Madame Lisa.” Years later, Hales adds, he became “infatuated with a young Italian woman who bore a remarkable resemblance to the lady in the painting.” That woman was Teresa Guadagni, who just so happened to be a descendant of Lisa del Giocondo, the actual subject of da Vinci’s masterpiece. Source: Picasso was once suspected of stealing the ‘Mona Lisa.’

What's the Word: SONIFEROUS pronunciation: [sə-NIF-ə-rəs] Part of speech: adjective Origin: Latin, early 18th century Meaning: 1. That conveys or bears sound. 2. That produces (a lot of) sound. Examples: "The bell is so soniferous, it can be heard from the edge of town." "We need a more soniferous system to reach the full crowd." About Soniferous This is a pretty fancy way to say "loud." In Latin, "son" words have to do with sound, and "ifer" means "bearing" or "carrying." Add an "-ous" in English and you have an adjective describing something carrying sound. It could be any old sound, but it's most often loud. Did you Know? If you followed the Grateful Dead in the 1970s, you would have witnessed the soniferous display of "The Wall of Sound," a massive PA system thought to be the largest of its time. This system of amps, speakers, subwoofers, and tweeters stood over three stories tall and 100 feet wide.

Fact of the Day - CRYSTALS IN YOUR EARS? Did you know.... Did you know that hidden within your inner ear are microscopic crystals called otoconia? These tiny grains of calcium carbonate help your brain sense gravity and linear movement. The crystals rest on a gelatinous membrane above sensory hair cells inside two small chambers called the utricle and saccule. When you tilt your head or move forward, backward, or sideways, the otoconia shift slightly, moving the membrane and bending the hair cells beneath them. That movement sends signals to your brain about your body’s orientation relative to gravity, helping you stay balanced and aware of your position in space. That process is just one component of your balance system, which also relies on the semicircular canals (SCC) to detect rotation, the eyes to track visual movement, and sensory feedback from the muscles and joints. But without otoconia, your sense of “up” and “down” would blur, and even small motions could leave you disoriented. With age — or occasionally after a head injury — some otoconia can become dislodged and move into the nearby canals. Once there, they disrupt normal fluid movement, sending conflicting signals to the brain and causing sudden spinning sensations known as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Though the dizziness can be startling, BPPV is common and treatable. A series of gentle head and body movements can use gravity to guide the stray crystals back to their proper chamber, often relieving symptoms within minutes. So yes, you really do have tiny “ear rocks” — and though they’re microscopic, they play a surprisingly large role in keeping your world steady. Astronauts often have trouble with balance and coordination when they return to Earth. After months in weightlessness, the body’s vestibular system — including the otoconia — is no longer calibrated to the pull of Earth’s gravity. In space, those crystals don’t settle downward the way they do on Earth, so they send mixed signals to the brain about which way is up. When astronauts reenter Earth’s gravitational environment, they may feel dizzy, off-balance, or unsteady while their brains and vestibular systems readjust. To help reduce those effects, NASA uses simulations that create brief moments of weightlessness to challenge the inner ear. That training helps astronauts’ brains adjust more quickly once they return to Earth. Even with such preparation, though, it can take days or weeks for the otoconia to “relearn” how to respond to gravity and for the brain to interpret those signals correctly again. Source: You have tiny crystals inside your ears.

What's the Word: MICROCLIMATE pronunciation: [MY-kro-kli-mət] Part of speech: noun Origin: International Scientific Vocabulary, 1918 Meaning: 1. The climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area. Examples: "My neighborhood's microclimate gets plenty of sun in the afternoon, even when it's raining just a few streets over." "The waterfall produces a very lush microclimate full of vegetation." About Microclimate It's a pretty self-explanatory term — "microclimate" refers to the weather in a small area. These mini weather patterns exist because of both human-made and natural influences that change the wind, precipitation, or other weather elements. Did you Know? Due to the steep changes in elevation and the effects of the San Francisco Bay and Pacific Ocean, the weather of San Francisco can be changeable. With the microclimates prevalent across the city, it may be cold and foggy in one neighborhood, when it's sunny less than a mile away. The locals have even nicknamed the thick fog that rolls across much of the city "Karl."

Fact of the Day - LESSER KNOWN VERSES Did you know.... It’s easy to bungle or forget the lyrics to “The Star-Spangled Banner.” But it may shock you to learn that most people only know a quarter of the song to begin with. The U.S. national anthem actually contains four stanzas, the last three of which are almost always omitted in live performances for brevity’s sake. Despite one verse being favored, however, all four are part of Francis Scott Key’s original 1814 poem that the national anthem is based on. Key wrote the poem soon after the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812, during which British forces bombarded Maryland’s Fort McHenry for 25 hours. As the smoke cleared in the wake of the battle, Key saw the American flag still flying over the fort, signifying a U.S. victory. The familiar first verse begins with “O say can you see” and ends with the question, “O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave / O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?” It refers to “bombs bursting in air,” while the second verse discusses the “dread silence” after battle. The second verse also celebrates the flag still flying as a symbol of a U.S. victory after the fighting. In Key’s original manuscript, he swapped out the question mark in the first verse with an exclamation point in the second, thus ending with a definitive and joyous declaration: “‘Tis the star-spangled banner, O long may it wave / O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave!” With two additional verses, the song ultimately totals 32 lines and 32 bars of music. If you were to perform it in its entirety, the anthem would take around six minutes or sometimes far more to sing — a long time to be on your feet at the start of a game. Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote a fifth verse for “The Star-Spangled Banner.” Nearly 50 years after Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner,” the esteemed American poet Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. penned an unofficial fifth verse. Holmes wrote the verse in 1861 at the start of the U.S. Civil War, advocating for freeing enslaved people in the name of liberty. Holmes wrote about “a foe from within” — a stark contrast from Key’s original poem about the British invading America. Holmes’ fifth verse also speaks of “the millions unchain’d who our birthright have gained,” and how their freedom is essential for keeping the flag’s “bright blazon forever unstained!” Source: ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’ contains several lesser-known verses.

What's the Word: MAUNDER pronunciation: [MAWN-dər] Part of speech: verb Origin: Unknown, early 17th century Meaning: 1. Talk in a rambling manner. 2. Move or act in a dreamy or idle manner. Examples: "Don't get him started on his favorite movies, or he will maunder forever." "The blooming trees inspired me to maunder all afternoon in the garden." About Maunder They're not etymologically related, but "maunder" and "meander" have similar spellings and meanings. To meander means "to wander at random," and to maunder means "to speak in a rambling way." Did you Know? Sometimes a word doesn't have a traceable origin. It had to come from somewhere, but etymologists can't pin it down. "Maunder" is one such word. An obsolete usage of "maunder" meant "to beg," but that definition dropped away. Today's "maunder" concerns how someone speaks or moves about.

Fact of the Day - HEMINGWAY ADAPTATIONS Did you know... While Hemingway wasn’t generally a fan of the adaptations of his works, these five films are must-watches. Ernest Hemingway wasn’t a huge fan of cinema. According to his son Patrick, “pictures on the silver screen were nothing but pure illusion (…) and not to be taken seriously.” His relationship with the screen, which over the course of his lifetime developed from a technological curiosity into a cultural force, was undoubtedly shaped by his identity as a writer—as an artist who expressed himself not in images but in words, and by the time of his death saw his age-old trade swept aside by a new, different medium. While the author himself would probably have begged to differ, the following five films are considered some of the best Hemingway adaptations out there. A Farewell to Arms (1932) Originally published in 1929 and based on his experience serving as an American ambulance driver during the First World War, A Farewell to Arms follows a wounded lieutenant who falls in love with the nurse who nurses him back to health, culminating in the couple’s ill-fated attempt to leave the war behind. This adaptation, directed by Frank Borzage and starring Gary Cooper and Helen Hayes in the two leading roles, was nominated for four Academy Awards and ended winning two: one for Best Cinematography, and another for Best Sound. Made before the existence of codes, the film was—for a time—banned on account of its portrayal of sexuality and violence. For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) Like A Farewell to Arms, this novel was released only a few years before its big screen adaptation, in 1940. Also steeped in personal experience, it follows an American volunteer fighting against fascist forces during the Spanish Civil War. This soldier, too, falls in love, forcing him to choose between duty and happiness. Directed by Sam Wood, this adaptation was nominated for Best Picture. Gary Cooper returns to play the leading role, this time starring alongside Ingrid Bergman—seen for the first time in Technicolor. Aside from faithfully adapting the story, it sticks close to its themes of pacifism and the futility of war. The Killers (1964) Unlike most of the other entries on this list, this film isn’t based on a novel or novella but a short story. First seen in 1927 in Scribner’s Magazine and later republished alongside other stories as part of the Men Without Women collection, it tells the story of two hitmen who set out to kill a former boxer—a premise revisited by Quentin Tarantino in Pulp Fiction. This film, directed by Don Siegel, is actually the story’s second big-screen adaptation. The only adaptation Hemingway somewhat liked (thanks in no small part to Gardner), it stars U.S. President Ronald Reagan in one of his last acting roles before he began focusing exclusively on his political career. The Old Man and the Sea (1958) Arguably Hemingway’s best-known literary work, ultimately earning him the Nobel Prize in Literature, The Old Man and the Sea follows an elderly Cuban fisherman who spends 84 days out at sea trying to catch a giant marlin, only to see the object of his obsession devoured by sharks. Brought to the big screen by John Sturges, this adaptation stars Spencer Tracy as the fisherman (named Santiago) and Felipe Pazos as Manolin, the young boy whom he refuses to bring along onto the water. Winning an Academy Award for Best Score, the film preserves and effectively communicates its source material’s musings on courage, perseverance, and loneliness. Captain Khorsid (1987) The only entry on this list produced outside of Hollywood, as well as the only one to bear a different name, Captain Khorsid is loosely based on Hemingway’s 1937 novel To Have and Have Not, about a cash-strapped boat captain forced to take up illegal smuggling during the Great Depression. Filmed in Iran and directed by Nasser Taghvai, this adaptation transplants the story from Cuba to the Persian Gulf and reimagines the captain as a one-handed sailor transporting wanted criminals. Captain Khorsid is not just one of the best Hemingway adaptations; it’s also widely considered one of the best Iranian movies ever. Hemingway’s gripes with cinema were deeply personal for other reasons, too, including the fact that he famously disliked most Hollywood adaptations of his work. He once told Ava Gardner, who played Lady Brett Ashley in an adaptation of The Sun Also Rises, that one of the only things he liked about the film was her. A stickler for realism, Hemingway was happy to learn that a TV version of The Killers cast an actual Swedish boxer in the role in the role of a Swedish boxer, and saddened to hear that The Old Man and the Sea would not be directed by Vittorio De Sica—known for Bicycle Thieves—nor star nonprofessional actors. Whether he liked it or not, though, Hemingway was one of the most frequently adapted writers of the 20th century—a feat attributable to his popularity as much as his curt, direct, no frills writing style, not unlike the language style of screenplays. Source: Best Ernest Hemingway Adaptations

What's the Word: TRICHROMATIC pronunciation: [tri-kro-MAD-ik] Part of speech: adjective Origin: Greek, early 17th century Meaning: 1. Having or using three colors. 2. Having normal color vision, which is sensitive to all three primary colors. Examples: "Have you noticed that most flags are trichromatic?" "My brother is colorblind, but I'm lucky to be trichromatic." About Trichromatic What's black, white, and red all over? A newspaper! This punny joke is also trichromatic — that is, using three colors. "Chromatic" comes from the Greek "khrōma," meaning "color." Did you Know? Most humans have trichromatic vision. There are three types of cone cells in the eye, which interpret different colors. These three colors are then transmitted to the brain to produce the vast array of colors you see. People with colorblindness cannot see one or more of these three colors.

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Fact of the Day - 911 Did you know... Should you ever have to call 911, don’t worry about how many bars you have — you can make emergency calls even without cell service or a SIM card. This has been the case since the Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 took effect, as one provision of the law required the Federal Communications Commission to make 911 the universal emergency number for all telephone services. This is why iPhones sometimes say “SOS only” and Android phones display the message “emergency calls only” when you don’t have reception. There’s a caveat, however: Calls made from phones without active service can’t automatically deliver your location to the dispatch center, which also won’t be able to call you back if you become disconnected. Another unfortunate side effect is an increase in prank calls made from phones without service, as they’re essentially untraceable; children given phones without service as toys can sometimes make errant emergency calls as well. Because call centers are required to find out whether an emergency actually exists, such calls are a burden on the system — so use this safety net responsibly if you ever have to use it at all. Nonetheless, this is still an improvement on the pre-911 system, which required people to remember the phone number of their local police or fire station. 911 was chosen as the emergency number by AT&T. The idea of implementing a nationwide emergency number dates back to 1957, when the National Association of Fire Chiefs suggested adopting a single number for reporting fires. It took another decade for the FCC to formally meet with AT&T about doing so, and in 1968 the company established 911 as the chosen digits. There were several reasons for this: 911 is short, easy to remember, and a number that can be dialed quickly, and it had never before been used in any other context prior to its implementation. Source: You can call 911 in the U.S. even with no cell service.

What's the Word: ACROLOGICAL pronunciation: [AK-rə-LAH-dji-kəl] Part of speech: adjective Origin: French, early 19th century Meaning: 1. Relating to or based on initial letters or sounds. Examples: "My daughter wrote an acrological poem of the word 'mother' for my wife's birthday." "The ordering isn't alphabetical, but it is acrological. About Acrological If something is alphabetical, then it must be acrological. But not everything acrological is always alphabetical. "Acrological" means concerning the first letter or sound, and "alphabetical" means the first letters are arranged in a specific order dictated by the alphabet. Did you Know? An acronym is pronounced as a word — for example, NASA, SCUBA, SWAT. A lot of other abbreviations that people call acronyms are actually initialisms. These are pronounced by saying the first letters of the words they stand for individually. CNN, IRS, DKNY — all acrological initialisms.