Fact of the Day

[DarkRavie]

Fact of the Day - HE DIED IN 1956

Did you know.... One Gettysburg memorial stands out for its strikingly modern appearance, featuring a man in a midcentury suit and tie, no musket or battle flag in hand. The statue honors Albert Henry Woolson, the last surviving Civil War veteran, as he appeared at age 106, nine decades after the war’s end. At the time of his death in 1956, Woolson had outlived more than 2 million Union Army soldiers. 

 

Born in New York in 1850, Woolson (like many young recruits) likely lied about his age to enroll in the Union Army in 1864. He was accepted into the ranks at age 14, served as a drummer boy and bugler, and eventually was stationed in Chattanooga, Tennessee, a commission that kept him from combat.

 

After the war, Woolson held a variety of jobs, including teaching both mechanical engineering and music. He also became a living link with history, speaking at local schools about his experience and receiving letters and visits from around the country. As a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, a fraternity for Union veterans, Woolson met with other surviving veterans; the group, which had more than 400,000 members in 1890, had whittled down to only 16 men by 1949. Six of the Civil War veterans met in Indianapolis that year, including Joseph Clovese, the last formerly enslaved soldier. Called the “Grand Old Men,” the group paraded through the streets one final time. Woolson’s funeral a few years later would also attract a crowd. More than 1,500 people attended the burial, including the grandson of Ulysses S. Grant, who helped lay the soldier to rest as an honorary pallbearer.

 

Abraham Lincoln helped turn Robert E. Lee’s home into a cemetery.

Arlington National Cemetery is the final resting place for more than 400,000 soldiers and their family members, but at one time, the Virginia military cemetery was an estate run by Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his wife, Mary. The couple abandoned the property as the war broke out, and shortly afterward the U.S. Army seized the Arlington estate to protect nearby Washington, D.C., which it overlooked. The U.S. government took hold of Arlington after the Lees failed to pay taxes on the land, and turned some portions into a village for formerly enslaved people; the government also soon created plans for a potential military cemetery there. When presented with the idea, Lincoln gave presidential approval for the concept, with the idea that if Lee ever returned, the burial ground would force him to reconsider his role in the war — though Lee never made any effort to reclaim the land. Arlington became a national cemetery in June 1864, and today is the second-largest national cemetery in the U.S.

 

 

Source: The last surviving Civil War veteran died in 1956.

[DarkRavie]

Fact of the Day - KEVLAR

Did you know.... Few synthetic polymers have saved as many lives as poly-para-phenylene terephthalamide, better known as Kevlar. These super-resilient, nylon-like threads are five times stronger than steel, lighter than fiberglass, incredibly heat-resistant, and fantastically flexible. Although the material is found in a variety of items from kayaks to NASA spacecraft, Kevlar has arguably made the greatest impact in bulletproof vests and body armor. But Kevlar’s incredible, lifesaving superpower is only a happy byproduct of its original purpose — creating a new kind of car tire.

 

In the mid-1960s, chemist Stephanie Kwolek was working in a Wilmington, Delaware, research lab for the textile division of the chemical company Dupont, which had invented another “miracle” fiber called nylon 30 years earlier. Fearing a looming gas shortage — one that arrived in earnest in 1973 — Dupont was searching for a synthetic material that could make tires lighter and stronger, replacing some of their steel and improving overall fuel efficiency. One day, Kwolek noticed that a particular batch of dissolved polyamides (a type of synthetic polymer) had formed a cloudy, runny consistency rather than the usual clear, syrupy concoction. Although colleagues told Kwolek to toss it out, she persisted in investigating this strange mixture closely, discovering that it could be spun to create fibers of an unusual stiffness. Thus, Kevlar was born. Dupont introduced the “wonder fiber” in 1971, and the material began undergoing tests in ballistic vests almost immediately. By one estimate, it has saved at least 3,000 police officers from bullet wounds in the years since. Despite its myriad applications, Kevlar still delivers on its original purpose as an automotive component, whether baked into engine belts, brake pads, or yes, even tires.

 

The top speed of the world’s fastest cars is mostly limited by their tires.

Rubber tires can go only so fast. The centrifugal force of speeds approaching 300 mph creates an incredible amount of pressure and heat that normal tires just can’t handle. Because of this, supercars such as the $3.8 million Bugatti Chiron can’t reach the top speeds its 1,500-horsepower engine might technically achieve (around the 310 mph mark). This physical limitation is why land speed record-breaking vehicles — which are more like wheeled rockets than cars — get rid of rubber entirely and ride on aluminum alloy wheels instead. Undeterred, the tire company Michelin developed all-new tires for the Chiron, reinforcing the rubber with carbon fiber and testing them with the same equipment NASA used to test the wheels for space shuttles. In 2019, these reinforced tires helped the Chiron reach 304.77 mph — a new speed record for any car with street-legal tires (rocket cars not included).

 

 

Source: Kevlar originally had a different purpose.